UNICEF warns that the impacts of climate change overlap for many children worldwide. The agency says more than one billion children live in areas exposed to at least three overlapping climate hazards, with drought and heat-related risks among the most common combinations. UNICEF’s analysis cross-references where roughly 2.4 billion children live with the geographic distribution of eight common climate impacts, including coastal flooding, river flooding, drought, tropical storms, heat waves, extreme heat, wildfires and sandstorms.

The report primarily focuses on the 1.1 billion children exposed to three or more risks. UNICEF states that drought, extreme heat and heat waves form the most common combination. It affects about 296 million children, including 74 million in Nigeria, 34 million in Pakistan and 32 million in India. UNICEF also reports that the number of children in this three-or-more category increases sharply over the past 20 years. The dangers vary by country because the heat threshold used to define heat-related hazards is adjusted to local conditions.