Federal Judge David Doty, 96, dies on June 27, according to court officials and reports from multiple outlets. Doty, based in Minnesota, presided over litigation that helped establish key features of the National Football League’s modern labor system, including elements that underpin the salary-cap era and subsequent rules governing player contracts and offseason team building.

Doty’s rulings and the settlement overseen during the case are described as influential in later labor negotiations between players and team owners. Sources note that the outcomes associated with his oversight contributed to structures such as NFL free agency and the franchise tag, along with the salary-cap framework that affects roster decisions each season.

Officials and former colleagues remember Doty as a judge whose decisions shaped decades of labor disputes in the NFL and whose effects remain visible in how teams manage contracts. He dies two days before what would have been his 97th birthday, according to the reporting.