The U.S. Supreme Court issues two related rulings that expand presidential authority over personnel at independent federal agencies. In a 6–3 decision, the court allows President Donald Trump to remove members of the Federal Trade Commission, rejecting a nearly century-old precedent that had permitted Congress to insulate certain executive branch officials with limits on when they can be dismissed. The rulings address the case of Federal Trade Commissioner Rebecca Kelly Slaughter, a Democratic appointee, and the court permits her removal despite a statute that provides that commissioners may be taken out only for specified reasons. The decision also concerns the Federal Reserve. While the court expands presidential firing power, it explicitly blocks an immediate effort to dismiss a Federal Reserve governor “for now,” and it reaffirms the Federal Reserve’s structural independence. Overall, the justices state that presidential control over independent-agency leaders is broader than previously recognized, but they do not fully overturn all protections associated with the Fed’s governance in the same way, at least not in the current posture of the case.