Coal India Ltd (CIL) says it will invest around ₹1,900 crore in research and development by fiscal year 2030, as part of efforts to improve mine productivity and reduce emissions. CIL frames the R&D push as support for the energy transition, including work aimed at cleaner coal technologies, net-zero-related research, and exploration of alternate energy avenues. The company has accelerated spending, reporting that its R&D expenditure rises to ₹245 crore in FY2024-25 from ₹61 crore in FY2023-24. Much of the program is coordinated through the National Centre for Coal and Energy Research (NaCCER), which CIL says operates on a hub-and-spoke model and moves projects from early-stage work toward prototype development at Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 and above. CIL says NaCCER oversees 19 R&D projects with a total outlay of ₹225 crore being carried out by scientific institutions. In parallel, CIL has set up Centres of Excellence at three IITs—Hyderabad, Madras and IIT (ISM) Dhanbad—backed by a commitment of ₹253 crore released in phases. Sources also report international collaborations, including partnerships with institutions in Canada, Sweden and Australia.