Scientists studying Earth’s Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia report geological features that can be compared with those in Mars’ Terra Sirenum region. Articles describing the work say the Yilgarn landscape—visually reminiscent of parts of Mars—also shows similarities in subsurface and lake-related characteristics to formations observed on the Red Planet. Researchers, including T. A. Plattner and colleagues, characterize shared traits between the two regions to reconstruct aspects of Mars’ hydrologic evolution. By examining how water-related processes shaped lake environments on Earth, the team aims to improve understanding of how liquid water may have occurred on Mars, including how long it could have persisted and how it affected the planetary surface. The studies also discuss implications for whether Mars’ ancient aqueous environments could have been favorable for life. Overall, the research uses terrestrial analogs from the Yilgarn Craton to interpret Martian geological evidence and develop testable scenarios for Mars’ past water activity in Terra Sirenum.