Multiple sources discuss growing pressure on global trade and economic cooperation as unilateral policies and protectionism deepen fragmentation. The IOL piece argues that shifts in the global economic order are occurring quickly, undermining established economic assumptions and changing how countries manage growth, investment and trade. It frames Europe and Africa as closely affected by these developments, given their economic ties and exposure to disruptions in supply chains, market access and cross-border financing. The article calls for European and African governments and stakeholders to navigate fragmentation together, suggesting coordination as a way to reduce negative impacts and maintain economic resilience. It emphasizes that the current environment is not defined by normal cyclical change, but by structural policy choices that can reshape trade routes, regulatory alignment and commercial relationships. While the source does not detail specific policy measures, it highlights the broader challenge of adjusting strategies to a world where global cooperation is weakening and national approaches increasingly diverge.