The Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) orders Manila Electric Company (Meralco) to return about P9.5 billion to its customers after it is found to have overcollected electricity charges. Multiple reports say the refund is scheduled to be implemented over six months, affecting customers through their billing during the refund period. The decision adds to ongoing scrutiny of Meralco’s electricity rates and related charges. Separately, reporting links the heightened attention on the company’s charges to broader policy moves, including President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.’s efforts to remove system loss charges. Together, the articles indicate the ERC ruling is part of a wider review of how electricity costs are assessed and passed on to consumers. The ERC’s directive centers on the amount to be refunded and the timeframe for the return to customers, while the broader context includes continued regulatory and political focus on the composition of electricity bills.