An Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) analysis finds that Waymo robotaxis operating in autonomous mode are involved in substantially fewer police-reportable crashes than human drivers. The study, titled “Rise of the Machines: Crash Experiences of Highly Automated Vehicles and Human Drivers,” compares crash involvement rates using data from 2021 to 2024. Researchers looked at driving in Austin, Los Angeles, Phoenix, and San Francisco.

Across the monitored locations and time period, IIHS reports that Waymo’s police-reportable crash involvement rate is 68% lower than the rate for human-operated vehicles in the same areas and years. The results vary by city: the study indicates Waymo has the largest reductions in Phoenix and Los Angeles, with lower crash involvement rates of 76% and 71% respectively, while San Francisco shows a 35% lower rate. Austin is an outlier in the IIHS comparison, with a 4% higher rate noted there, which the authors attribute in part to smaller sample sizes for both Waymo and human drivers.

The analysis also reports fewer specific crash types, including rear-end crashes involving Waymo vehicles and fewer single-vehicle crashes overall.