The UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) says Heathrow Airport’s proposed expansion could be delivered using an alternative developer model, rather than relying solely on the existing airport operator. The regulator has identified four shortlisted options for how the expansion could be brought forward and delivered. While the details of each model are not fully set out in the reports, the CAA’s announcement indicates that it is considering different approaches to ownership, development responsibility, and how the project is structured and overseen. The independent regulator is therefore assessing delivery mechanisms that could involve a party other than Heathrow’s current company acting as developer. The reports also indicate that the CAA’s shortlist is part of a wider regulatory process to decide which model best meets requirements for competition, investment incentives, consumer outcomes, and regulatory oversight. Further steps in that process would determine which option, if any, moves forward. Overall, the CAA’s update focuses on delivery structures for Heathrow’s expansion and the range of possible parties that could take on development responsibilities.