RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das says that costs associated with payment services have to be paid by someone as the government moves to amend laws governing payment and settlement systems. According to reports, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has tabled changes to the Payment and Settlement Systems Act in Parliament. The amendments, as described by both accounts, are intended to create a legal framework that could allow merchants or participating entities to charge under a mechanism linked to UPI transaction fees, commonly referred to as MDR (merchant discount rate). The RBI governor’s remarks are presented in the context of the debate over whether and how costs of processing and operating UPI should be allocated. The reporting does not indicate a final decision on charging levels or the implementation approach, but it frames the legislative proposal as the step that would enable such charges if further policy measures are adopted. Overall, the coverage highlights the government’s move in Parliament alongside the RBI governor’s statement that operational costs must be borne, without specifying who would ultimately pay or how the fee structure would be set.