China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Rocket Force issues a new nuclear-terrorism and preparedness study telling Chinese cities to plan for possible nuclear attacks. The report assesses that the chances of a large-scale global nuclear war are relatively low, but says a single nuclear strike by a smaller nuclear-armed—or potentially nuclear-armed—state or actor cannot be ruled out.

Multiple outlets report that the study focuses on medical and emergency-response challenges after a low-yield nuclear impact on a major city. It models conditions based on the 1945 Hiroshima bombing and international simulations, citing likely strain on medical teams, widespread disorder, and complex injuries. The study also recommends expanding treatment capacity, conducting specialised training, stockpiling emergency supplies such as antibiotics and radiation protection equipment, and strengthening public education on nuclear and radiation safety.

Both sources say the report singles out Japan as a “major danger signal” to the international community. It points to Japan not joining the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and claims concerns about possible shifts to Japan’s “three non-nuclear principles.” The reporting also notes longstanding China-Tokyo tensions over Japan’s security posture, but the PLA study’s core emphasis remains emergency preparedness rather than predictions of large-scale war.