Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a global review published in the *Journal of Vascular Diseases*. The review draws together findings from 13 prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses and reports that, for each 10 micrograms per cubic metre increase in PM2.5, the risk of type 2 diabetes rises by an estimated 10% to 16%. The analysis also connects PM2.5 exposure with greater diabetes prevalence, higher diabetes-related mortality, and elevated fasting blood glucose.
For South Asia, including India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, the review estimates a 9% increase in type 2 diabetes risk for every 10 micrograms per cubic metre increase in PM2.5. The sources also note nuances in the evidence base: one outlet reports no significant link with insulin resistance, and indicates that data on HbA1c levels is insufficient. Another outlet emphasizes the need for stronger air-quality action while also stating that definitive causation is not established.
