A new study discussed by researchers at the Kapteyn Astronomical Institute argues that early Earth may have remained in a long-lasting, extremely hot state. Both outlets describe conditions roughly 4.5 billion years ago: a thick, likely toxic atmosphere; a freshly formed, more massive-looking Moon that still shows residual heat; and a surface covered in lava. Previous scientific thinking held that Earth’s initial molten phase did not endure for long. The new work, shared as a preprint on the arXiv server, instead suggests that this global magma or “molten” period could have persisted for as long as half a billion years. The reports frame the claim as part of a broader attempt to understand how such hostile early conditions evolved over time, potentially contributing to the emergence of environments suited to later developments relevant to life. The sources do not provide additional details beyond the overall scenario and the proposed extended duration, and they present the findings as preliminary pending peer review.