Global airline executives open their annual meeting of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in Rio de Janeiro on Saturday, facing a tougher test of the industry’s post-pandemic recovery. Multiple outlets report that the war involving Iran contributes to higher aviation fuel costs and disrupts airspace, increasing operating challenges for carriers. With fuel and route disruptions difficult to address quickly, airlines are trying to limit the impact through commercial measures such as raising fares and tightening capacity. The sources also describe a broader constraint on airlines’ ability to respond: a shortage of new aircraft, which can limit how quickly carriers adjust capacity to match demand and reroute traffic efficiently. The IATA summit runs from Saturday to Monday, and the discussions take place as carriers balance higher costs against passenger pricing pressure. Overall, the coverage highlights an environment shaped by overlapping shocks—fuel price increases, airspace disruption, and limited aircraft availability—driving airlines to manage both costs and capacity while negotiating the direction of recovery.