The U.S. Department of Defense updates its “1260H” list of entities it says support China’s military-civil fusion strategy, adding prominent Chinese companies including Alibaba, Baidu, BYD and robotics firm Unitree. The updated roster identifies 188 companies that the Pentagon says operate in the United States and contribute to China’s military industrial base. Multiple reports describe the list as covering not only directly military or security-controlled firms, but also companies the Pentagon views as civilian in appearance while still supporting defense-related aims. The Pentagon states the entities are linked to China’s defense industrial base through affiliations or roles tied to Chinese government bodies.

The additions draw criticism from China. The Chinese Embassy says the U.S. is “overstretching” national security definitions and producing discriminatory lists aimed at Chinese firms, arguing that Chinese companies follow the laws of countries where they do business. Several of the named companies dispute the allegations. Alibaba says it is not a military company and is not part of any military-civil fusion strategy; Baidu says the claim is baseless; and BYD says it is not a military enterprise and will seek to protect its rights. While being on the list does not automatically end U.S. business activity, it can trigger reputational harm and potential restrictions or limits on contracting, according to outlets’ accounts.