The provided source is a commentary piece that discusses long-term labour market effects of automation. It argues that, as machines increasingly take over roles previously done by humans, job losses have historically affected manual and semi-skilled workers first. The commentary draws on the 18th and 19th centuries as an example of how technological change can reshape employment, suggesting that current graduates could face an adverse job market if similar displacement trends occur in modern sectors. It frames the issue as a potential “jobs apocalypse,” implying broader challenges for new entrants to the workforce rather than a specific, immediate event. However, the excerpt does not provide concrete data, named studies, policy actions, or statistics about employment outcomes for graduates today. Overall, the sources agree on the general theme: automation can reduce demand for certain types of work, and the effects of that shift may extend to the labour prospects of new workers.