Federal courts in the United States are challenging Alabama’s planned use of nitrogen gas for executions. A federal appeals court rules that the method “likely” inflicts an unconstitutional degree of suffering on condemned inmates, citing concerns that the procedure may violate the constitutional prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. The appeals court stops short of immediately blocking an execution that is scheduled for Thursday.

Following that appellate ruling, a federal judge issues a separate decision permanently blocking Alabama from carrying out a nitrogen gas execution. The judge finds the method unconstitutionally cruel under the Eighth Amendment and bars the state from using it against the inmate in the case.

Reporting across outlets also emphasizes that the legal challenge centers on whether nitrogen gas, as implemented by Alabama, results in a level of suffering prohibited by the Constitution. Other coverage notes that the courts’ treatment of the issue reflects broader scrutiny of execution methods and whether they comply with constitutional standards.