A new report examining the economic effects of oil and gas production in Africa says fossil-fuel wealth has not produced sustained or broadly shared development outcomes. The report finds that oil and gas revenues do not consistently translate into inclusive growth and instead contribute to economic vulnerability and inequality. It attributes these outcomes, in part, to conditions associated with the fossil-fuel sector and broader commodity markets. According to the report, high or prohibitive commodity prices can constrain economic expansion, while inflation and weak local currencies can limit domestic purchasing power and economic stability. The report also argues that these dynamics can leave economies more exposed to external shocks rather than fostering resilience and long-term development. Across the sources, the central conclusion is consistent: despite the presence of oil and gas resources, the expected development benefits have not been delivered in a sustained or equitable way. The report’s findings therefore point to challenges in turning fossil-fuel-related economic activity into stable, inclusive progress for African countries.