A new animal study reports that fully eliminating sugar can have unintended health effects, even when the diet is low in fat. Researchers tested mice fed a low-fat diet with no sucrose and compared them with mice whose diet included some sucrose. The sugar-free group shows poorer blood glucose control, with additional signs of metabolic and organ changes. The study also reports increased inflammation and disruptions to gut microbial balance, suggesting that the absence of dietary sugar negatively affects the gut microbiome. Compared with the group that consumed some sucrose, the sugar-free mice also show indications consistent with fatty liver. The authors conclude that focusing only on cutting out sugar may not be beneficial and that overall diet composition—particularly gut microbiome health—can influence outcomes related to glucose regulation and inflammation. The findings are based on experiments in mice and are not direct evidence of how similar diets would affect humans.