The article “Fog of War: The Hidden Wars That Shape the World and Africa,” by Armstrong Williams, argues that conflict in the 21st century is not limited to conventional battlefields. It frames the concept of “fog of war” as extending into less visible arenas where disputes and instability can influence countries and international relations without always appearing as open fighting. Rather than focusing on traditional wartime combat, the piece emphasizes “hidden wars” that affect Africa and broader global dynamics. The article presents these conflicts as factors that shape political, social, and security conditions over time, often through indirect or covert means. It positions the reader to consider how unseen struggles—beyond clearly defined front lines—can still drive major outcomes for nations and regions. Overall, the article is a thematic analysis of how these less visible conflicts operate and why they matter for understanding the world today, particularly in relation to Africa.