JAMA Network reports results from a multicenter, double-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial evaluating endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with minor papillotomy in adults with unexplained acute recurrent pancreatitis and pancreas divisum. The trial tested whether the procedure reduces recurrent acute pancreatitis beyond 30 days after randomization, a key time-to-event outcome. Across participants, acute pancreatitis recurrence beyond 30 days occurs in 34.7% (26 of 75) of the ERCP-with-minor-papillotomy group versus 43.8% (32 of 73) in the sham ERCP group. The adjusted hazard ratio is 0.83 (95% CI, 0.49 to 1.41), indicating no statistically significant reduction. For pancreatitis occurring within 30 days, recurrence is 14.7% in the treatment group versus 8.2% in the sham group. In a subsequent reply, investigators address questions about whether anatomical features such as impaired dorsal duct outflow, duct diameter, or a santorinicele modify the treatment effect. Prespecified subgroup analyses do not show significant treatment-by-subgroup interactions, and the study is not powered for subgroup conclusions. The authors note that santorinicele prevalence was 12% using standard and secretin-enhanced MR cholangiopancreatography prior to randomization.