A new Ph.D. thesis by Tommaso Zaccaria at Radboud University examines how terrestrial microbes respond to Martian environmental stresses and how they may be able to persist around humans. The research frames astronauts as part of a larger microbial ecosystem, arguing that understanding the survival capacity of Earth-origin microbes in space and planetary conditions is relevant to crew health during future missions. The thesis reports that some Earth microbes can endure individual “Martian hazards,” indicating they can withstand specific harsh factors associated with the planet rather than requiring continuous favorable conditions. It also addresses immune interactions, stating that these microbes can “evade” astronaut immune systems, which could influence the likelihood of infections during exploration. While the sources provide a high-level overview rather than detailed experimental results, both describe the thesis as focused on microbial suitability for Martian-like conditions and on how Earth microbes may persist in environments encountered by astronauts. The work is presented as a step toward anticipating contamination and health risks for upcoming lunar and Martian missions.