A new study based on archaeological evidence from a cave in southern Türkiye reports signs that Neanderthals and later-arriving modern humans used similar tools and survival practices, and may have exchanged information. Across the site’s layers, researchers describe stone tools and other materials—including seashells—that indicate comparable approaches to hunting and gathering. The findings suggest that the Neanderthals and Homo sapiens were not necessarily present at the same time at the cave, but their cultural signatures show strong overlap in technology and subsistence strategies. In addition, the study points to objects interpreted as symbolic, implying that both groups may have participated in related traditions rather than each independently developing the same behaviors. The authors argue that even without direct overlap, similarities are consistent with the possibility of cultural transmission between groups over long periods, as knowledge could persist in regional populations. The study relies on the cave’s stratigraphy and the association of artifacts with Neanderthal and modern human occupations to infer shared or connected cultural practices.