A new study of artifacts and deposits from Üçağızlı II Cave in southern Türkiye reports evidence that Neanderthals and later Homo sapiens groups used similar sets of practices at different times. Across several analyses, researchers describe finds including stone tools and other items linked to daily subsistence and possibly symbolic behavior, such as patterned or ornamental shell-related materials. The sources say the Neanderthal and modern human occupations do not overlap at the site, meaning the groups were not simultaneously living there. Instead, the researchers argue that the similarity of tool types, hunting or survival strategies, and symbolic traditions points to shared knowledge that may have been transmitted across groups, even without direct cohabitation. The findings are discussed as suggesting cultural continuity or exchange over a long period, with one report framing the timeframe as potentially extending tens of thousands of years. The study is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and it adds to ongoing debate about how Neanderthals and Homo sapiens may have influenced each other’s technologies and behaviors.