Seoul and Busan are experiencing growing financial pressure from policies that provide free subway rides to designated groups, particularly seniors. The program began in 1984 for people aged 65 or older and has expanded in cost as South Korea’s population continues to age, increasing the number of riders eligible for the benefit. Multiple reports describe how the free-ride policy has led subway operators to accumulate large losses over time, reaching hundreds of billions of won. In Seoul, Seoul Metro—which operates subway lines 1 through 8 across Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi Province—recorded an operational deficit of 450 billion won (about $290 million) last year attributed to free rides, according to the National Assembly Research Service. That amount accounted for 54% of the company’s total deficit. Coverage also notes that relevant central government ministries have not taken immediate action to address the mounting strain. As a near-term response, lawmakers are considering a bill pending before a National Assembly standing committee that could provide financial relief, though its outcome is not yet determined.