Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) develop a high-throughput approach to identify gold nanoparticles that can reach mitochondria inside cancer cells. The method tags different nanoparticle designs with unique DNA “barcodes,” allowing the researchers to track where each design goes in living tumor models. By comparing the barcoded nanoparticles after exposure to tumour cells, the team can determine which designs successfully localise to mitochondria and therefore could deliver therapy at that subcellular target. The platform is described as capable of screening dozens of nanoparticle variants simultaneously, rather than testing designs one at a time. The work is presented as a way to improve precision in selecting nanoparticle candidates for cancer treatment, focusing on delivery to mitochondria, which are described as the energy-producing organelles in cells and a relevant target for therapy. The study’s core advance is the use of DNA barcode-based tracking combined with parallel screening to rapidly pinpoint the most effective nanoparticle designs for mitochondrial targeting in living tumour systems.