Two sources describe how enabling TypeScript strict mode (including strict null checks) reduces, but does not eliminate, null/undefined-related production errors. They note that strict: true activates static checks such as strictNullChecks, noImplicitAny, and strictFunctionTypes, but the TypeScript compiler cannot verify the shape of data that enters from outside the program (for example, API responses, JSON.parse results, database outputs, or HTTP headers). The articles identify four recurring patterns where code can compile cleanly yet still fail at runtime: (1) assertion functions declared as type guards but implemented without throwing when values are null/undefined, causing the type to “lie”; (2) external libraries with imprecise typings (including any or outdated @types) that do not match runtime behavior; (3) Prisma ORM optional relations where a relation field may be absent from the returned object if a query does not include/select it as expected, even though the schema suggests it may be null; and (4) JSON.parse used without runtime validation, since JSON.parse returns any. The suggested mitigation is to validate at system boundaries using runtime validators such as Zod, align Prisma include/select with downstream usage, and ensure assertion functions throw appropriately rather than only logging.