New simulations presented at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly in Vienna propose that Venus’ unusual, extremely slow retrograde rotation was triggered by an early giant impact. The studies argue that a high-angle collision involving an impactor roughly the size and mass of a moon—about one-tenth of Venus’ mass—could have significantly altered Venus’ spin. Depending on the impact geometry and velocity, the simulations indicate the event could slow a rapidly rotating young Venus to rotation periods consistent with Venus’ long-term evolution, and in some cases could even place Venus into a faster retrograde state. The modeled collisions are also expected to create extensive melting. The authors report that such impacts can generate magma oceans, with depths ranging from melt layers on the order of 100 km to a fully molten mantle, and that efficient heat loss to space could allow the magma ocean to cool within timescales of hundreds of millions of years. The proposed impact likely occurred within the first 50 million years after Venus formed. The studies also note that while mantle melting and rotational changes would be strongly affected, links to Venus’ lack of plate tectonics remain uncertain.