A University of Notre Dame-led study uses 42 years of biological records to track how per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals,” move through the Great Lakes ecosystem. Researchers analyze long-term data to reconstruct changes in PFAS presence across multiple species over time, documenting how the chemicals spread and persist in the region’s food web. The findings indicate that PFAS build up in living organisms and increase in concentration as they move up the food chain, meaning predators tend to carry higher levels than prey. The study also reports that contamination patterns differ by lake, suggesting that local conditions influence how PFAS remain in the environment and reach wildlife. By examining how these compounds infiltrate ecosystems across decades, the work portrays PFAS as a persistent contaminant rather than a short-lived pollution event. The researchers’ results collectively show PFAS contamination across a wide range of Great Lakes wildlife and emphasize that the chemicals continue to accumulate within the ecosystem over long periods.